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再來看一道題目，

■ Because they are always swimming, tunas simply have to open their mouths and water is forced in and over their gills. ■ Accordingly, they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. ■ In fact, tunas must swim to breathe. ■ They must also keep swimming to keep from sinking, since most have largely or completely lost the swim bladder, the gas-filled sac that helps most other fish remain buoyant.

Look at the four squares [ ■ ] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

Consequently, tunas do not need to suck in water.

Where would the sentence best fit?

Click on a square [ ■ ] to add the sentence to the passage.

解題思路： 此題的帶插入句子當(dāng)中并沒有代詞， 這時我們可以根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)詞來解答題目。帶插入句子當(dāng)中的Consequently（結(jié)果是...）可以給我們暗示。帶插入句子的含義為：結(jié)果是，tunas（金槍魚）不需要吸水。那么該句子的前方應(yīng)該在陳述關(guān)于導(dǎo)致金槍魚不需要吸水的內(nèi)容。此題正確答案選C。在第三個空格之前的這句話：...they have lost most of the muscles that other fishes use to suck in water and push it past the gills. （金槍魚失去了像其他魚類的嘴里所擁有的一塊肌肉，這塊肌肉用于吸水和從腮里排水。）既然已經(jīng)失去了這塊用來吸水的肌肉，那么自然緊接著陳述，其結(jié)果，即金槍魚不再需要吸水。

5. 細(xì)節(jié)題 Factual Information questions

細(xì)節(jié)題是托福考試當(dāng)中題量最大的一種題型，主要是對原文的事實信息進(jìn)行提問來考察學(xué)生的信息檢索能力和閱讀能力，并且所有的選項都會出現(xiàn)原文的信息來對考生進(jìn)行干擾。例如：

The muscles of these fishes and the mechanism that maintains a warm body temperature are also highly efficient. A bluefin tuna in water of 7° C (45° F) can maintain a core temperature of over 25° C (77° F). This warm body temperature may help not only the muscles to work better, but also the brain and the eyes. The billfishes have gone one step further. They have evolved special "heaters" of modified muscle tissue that warm the eyes and brain, maintaining peak performance of these critical organs.

10. According to paragraph 9, which of the following is true of bluefin tunas?

○ Their eyes and brain are more efficient than those of any other fish.

○ Their body temperature can change greatly depending on the water temperature.

○ They can swim in waters that are much colder than their own bodies.

○ They have special muscle tissue that warms their eyes and brain.

做細(xì)節(jié)題的第一步就是“定位”，要找到原文答案所在的區(qū)間。題干中問到“bluefin tunas”，我們回到原文，找到定位句：…A bluefin tuna in water of 7° C (45° F) can maintain a core temperature of over 25° C (77° F)…，即藍(lán)鰭金槍魚可以在低于自己體溫（25° C）的水溫（7° C）中生活，所以正確答案選擇第三個。而其它干擾選項在原文均有出現(xiàn)，但是并不屬于題干所問內(nèi)容。

6. Negative Factual Information questions (0 to 2 questions per set )

首先我們來介紹一下否定信息題，Negative Factual Information questions。這種題型的提問方式一般為：

According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true of X?

The author’s description of X mentions all of the following EXCEPT ?

在解答這種題目的時候首先要注意的是避免慣性思維的影響。在前面講過的所有題目當(dāng)中，或者是平時大家的做題習(xí)慣當(dāng)中，我們都是看到與原文相符或者和原文一樣的選項就選，但是到了這個題目，需要選擇不屬于題干內(nèi)容或者與原文相反的選項，這是需要注意的一點。

一般這種題目的定位范圍都在原文的某一個或者兩個自然段，所以第一步需要的就是根據(jù)題目大定位到某個自然段，然后根據(jù)選項特征對應(yīng)原文進(jìn)行選題。我們來看一個例題：

Paragraph 7: The Cognitive Approach. Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the ways in which we interpret our situations and by choice. For example, people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartime-are likely to act aggressively, whereas people who believe that a particular war or act of aggression is unjust, or who think that aggression is never justified, are less likely to behave aggressively.

Paragraph 8: One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant feelings. These feelings, inturn, can lead to aggressive action, but not automatically. Cognitive factors intervene. People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

9. According to the cognitive approach described in paragraphs 7 and 8, all of the following may influence the decision whether to act aggressively EXCEPT a person's

○ Moral values

○ Previous experiences with aggression

○ Instinct to avoid aggression

○ Beliefs about other people's intentions

這道題目的定位范圍是兩個自然段，四個選項中有三個會the decision whether to act aggressively，有一個選項不會“影響一個人決定是否要表現(xiàn)的具有侵略性”，我們要選擇這個選項。首先，在第七自然段的第二句“Cognitive psychologists assert that our behavior is influenced by our values, by the ways in which we interpret our situations and by choice.”中就提到moral values，對應(yīng)A 選項。其次，在第八自然段中，第四句“People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives.” 中提到兩個選項， 一個是“their experiences with aggression”對應(yīng)B 選項，另外一個是“interpretation of other people's motives”對應(yīng)D選項。只有C 選項的instinct 沒有提到，這道題目選擇C 選項。